2. Label the diagram below and define the terms that you label.
3. Contrast the terms atomic number and atomic mass. Lan Le
Atomic number is the number of proton in the nucleus of the atom.
Atomic mass is the average combined mass of protons and neutrons in an atom.
4. What is an isotope and what is “special” about radioactive isotopes? Lan Le
An isotope is an alternative form of an element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons. Isotopes are unstable and they decay. When radioactive isotopes decay, they release radiation.
5. Explain how radioactive tracers are used in science?
Radioactive tracers are used in science by measuring and detecting a substance with a radioactive atom.
Example: Injecting a radioactive tracer to the host's resources that is constantly being used by cancer cells, it can help doctors locate the cancer cells in the host' body.
6. Explain how the electron distance from the nucleus relates to the amount of energy within that electron shell. Look at figure 9-3 for clarification.
The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the less energy it have because the electrons on the outer shell can be exchanges and/or share by other molecule and it is not using most of it energy being attracted to proton. - Loan
7. Which electrons – the most energetic electrons - determines interactions between atoms?
Valence Electrons are the most energetic electrons that determines the interactions between atoms.
PICTURE #1
8. Define the following terms: (JOSE)
Chemical bond - after transferring valence electrons the atoms stay close together held by an attraction called a chemical bond.
Covalent bond - an atom shares its valence electron with another atom to complete its outer shell.
Single covalent bond - an atom shares a single valence electron with another atom to complete its outer shell.
Double covalent bond - both atoms share two valence electrons to complete its outer shell.
Valence electrons - is the electron(s) in the outer orbital of an atom.
Electronegativity - the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards itself.
Non-polar covalent bond - the atoms in a molecule are equally electromagnetic.
Polar covalent bond - one atom in the molecule is more electromagnetic than the other, therefore the valence electron that they are sharing orbits the more electromagnetic atom.
9. What is the difference between a structural and molecular formula? (BORY)
A structural formula tells how they are connected through a an actual sketch:
A molecular formula consists of letters and numbers, stating what types of atoms are there and how much:
C6H12O6
10. How do ionic bonds compare with covalent bonds? (Compare Figures 2-7 and 2-9)
They are similar in that they both are bonds between atoms. However they are different in that ionic bonds are bonds made btween ions, which are atoms that have lost or gain an electron, and covalent bonds are bonds between atoms that are sharing electrons.
11. Compare and contrast hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than van der waals interactions.Both are weak .
2. Label the diagram below and define the terms that you label.
3. Contrast the terms atomic number and atomic mass. Lan Le
Atomic number is the number of proton in the nucleus of the atom.
Atomic mass is the average combined mass of protons and neutrons in an atom.
4. What is an isotope and what is “special” about radioactive isotopes? Lan Le
An isotope is an alternative form of an element with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons. Isotopes are unstable and they decay. When radioactive isotopes decay, they release radiation.
5. Explain how radioactive tracers are used in science?
Radioactive tracers are used in science by measuring and detecting a substance with a radioactive atom.
Example: Injecting a radioactive tracer to the host's resources that is constantly being used by cancer cells, it can help doctors locate the cancer cells in the host' body.
6. Explain how the electron distance from the nucleus relates to the amount of energy within that electron shell. Look at figure 9-3 for clarification.
The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the less energy it have because the electrons on the outer shell can be exchanges and/or share by other molecule and it is not using most of it energy being attracted to proton. - Loan
7. Which electrons – the most energetic electrons - determines interactions between atoms?
Valence Electrons are the most energetic electrons that determines the interactions between atoms.
PICTURE #1
8. Define the following terms: (JOSE)
9. What is the difference between a structural and molecular formula? (BORY)
A structural formula tells how they are connected through a an actual sketch:
A molecular formula consists of letters and numbers, stating what types of atoms are there and how much:
C6H12O6
10. How do ionic bonds compare with covalent bonds? (Compare Figures 2-7 and 2-9)
They are similar in that they both are bonds between atoms. However they are different in that ionic bonds are bonds made btween ions, which are atoms that have lost or gain an electron, and covalent bonds are bonds between atoms that are sharing electrons.
11. Compare and contrast hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions.
Hydrogen bonds are stronger than van der waals interactions.Both are weak .